Understanding ECMO
This advanced technology is used to temporarily provide respiratory support and blood circulation– allowing your lungs and heart to rest while they are recovering from illness or injury. ECMO may also be used while you are waiting for a heart or lung transplant. This machine maintains blood flow and oxygen to vital organs, like the brain, kidneys and liver.
ECMO is used when:
- Your heart can’t pump blood to all the parts of your body
- Your lungs cannot provide enough oxygen to the body, even when given extra oxygen
- Your lungs cannot get rid of carbon dioxide, even with help from a mechanical ventilator
- You are waiting for a ventricular assist device (heart pump) or heart or lung transplant
A surgeon places one or more plastic tubes, called a cannula, into large blood vessels in your chest, neck or groin. The ECMO pump circulates your blood through the machine’s artificial lung or oxygenator. Carbon dioxide is removed from the blood and oxygen is added. As oxygenated blood leaves the oxygenator, it is warmed before returning to your body.
A member of your care team is with you 24/7 to monitor your machine and provide care. Your doctor uses blood tests, X-rays and other tests to make sure you are responding well to your treatment.
There are two types of ECMO support:
- Venoarterial ECMO (VA ECMO) is used when the heart and lungs need support. The blood leaves the body from a vein, receives oxygen and is returned through an artery. This allows your heart and lungs to rest and recover.
- Venovenous ECMO (VV ECMO) is used for lung support when the heart is still working well. The blood leaves the body from a vein, receives oxygen and is returned through the same vein or another vein. This allows the lungs to rest and recover.
Reasons you might need ECMO
Our ECMO-trained specialists deliver advanced care for complex heart and lung conditions, including:
- Cardiac failure
- Cardiac arrest
- Cardiogenic shock following heart surgery
- Drug overdose
- Heart attack
- End-stage heart failure (as a bridge to heart transplant, LVAD, or total artificial heart)
- Ongoing life-threatening arrhythmias
- Myocarditis
- Sepsis or stress-induced heart failure
- Valvular disorders with cardiogenic shock
Respiratory failure
- Acute respiratory distress syndrome
- Bacterial or viral pneumonia
- Lung rupture (pneumothorax)
- Pulmonary embolism
- Status asthmaticus