The American Cancer Society estimates the number of colorectal cancer cases in the U.S. in 2022 will be 106,180 new cases of colon cancer and 44,850 new cases of rectal cancer.
Fortunately, colorectal cancer is also one of the most preventable. Colorectal cancer screening can save lives. Screening can find precancerous polyps—abnormal growths in the colon or rectum—that can be removed before they turn into cancer.
As with almost all cancers, the earlier it is found, the more likely the treatment will be successful. A polyp can take as many as 10 to 15 years to develop into cancer. With screening, doctors can find and remove polyps before they have the chance to turn into cancer.
Because colorectal cancer is often slow to develop, understanding your risk factors and early detection are key to better outcomes.
How to reduce your risk of colon cancer
Get screened:
- Start colorectal screenings by age 45.
- Colorectal screening isn’t just for finding cancer, but for stopping it before it starts.
- Not all polyps are cancerous, but they can become cancerous in the future. That’s why it's important to identify and remove polyps.
- You may need to get a colonoscopy earlier if you have a personal or family history of polyps or colon cancer, or if you have symptoms such as abdominal pain or discomfort, change in bowel habits, rectal bleeding, or unexplained weight loss.
Eat right and get active:
- Lifestyle factors that may increase your risk include: obesity, a diet high in processed foods, a low-fiber and high-fat diet, and lack of regular physical activity.
- Research shows diets rich in fruits, vegetables and whole grains are associated with a lower risk of colon or rectal cancer.
- The American Cancer Society recommends that adults get at least 150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise each week.
- Maintaining a healthy weight can reduce your risk.
Quit smoking:
- People who have smoked tobacco for a long time are more likely than people who don't smoke to develop and die from colorectal cancer.
Avoid or limit alcohol:
- Alcohol use has been linked with a higher risk of cancers of the colon and rectum.
Common Signs and Symptoms of Colorectal Cancer:
When colorectal cancer first develops, there may be no symptoms. But as the cancer grows, it can cause changes that people should watch for:
- Changes in the frequency of bowel movements
- Diarrhea, constipation, or feeling that the bowel does not empty completely
- Bright red or very dark blood in the stool
- Stools that are narrower than usual
- General abdominal discomfort such as frequent gas pains, bloating, fullness, and/or cramps
- Weight loss with no known reason
- Constant tiredness
It’s important to speak with your doctor about colorectal cancer and the importance of early detection.
Dr. Theresa Hayssen is a colorectal surgeon with Ascension Medical Group. She sees patients at the Ascension Medical Group Wisconsin - Elmbrook Medical Arts Center, 17000 W. North Avenue in Brookfield. For appointments call 262-785-7740.